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Mysterious volcanic gas bubbles give us a rare glimpse of the future

Gizmag news -

On a remote coral reef near Papua New Guinea, endless streams of bubbles rise from cracks in the seabed into the shallow water, fed by an underground volcanic system. For scientists, this natural phenomenon has become a kind of crystal ball, revealing how our changing oceans will shape the marine life within them.

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Category: Biology, Science

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Do you need to learn Manual mode right away?

Digital Photography Review news -

Photo: Abby Ferguson

If you're a beginner photographer who spends any time on the internet, chances are you've been bombarded with content saying that you need to learn Manual mode immediately. It's a frequent refrain that "real" photographers exclusively shoot with manual controls, even from day one. While Manual mode certainly has its advantages and is something to work toward, Auto mode doesn't need to be so vilified. There's a time and a place for it, especially as you learn.

Auto is a good starting point Photo: Abby Ferguson

Photography can be an overwhelming activity when you're new. There's a lot to balance and consider when managing technical aspects such as exposure and stylistic choices like depth of field, motion and composition. While some people learn best by throwing themselves into the deep end, that's not the case for everyone. That's where Auto mode comes into play.

You can focus your energy on learning light, composition, timing and storytelling.

In Auto mode, your camera automatically sets core settings based on the scene you're photographing, which takes some of the pressure off as you learn. Instead of having to juggle exposure right from the start, you can focus your energy on learning light, composition, timing and storytelling. After all, each of those aspects have a significant impact on how successful or impactful your image is. If you dedicate yourself to improving those right away, you'll be off to a great start on your photographic journey.

Automatic mode can also help you learn about manual controls, provided you pay attention. If you notice that your portraits don’t have the blurred background you see in others’ photos, that’s a clue that depth of field and aperture are topics to dig into next. Likewise, if you're consistently getting blurry results when photographing action, that's a sign you may want to dedicate time to learning about shutter speed. Auto mode doesn't just take the guesswork out of exposing images; it can highlight specific knowledge gaps you may want to fill when you're ready to learn about manual controls.

Auto mode can make the difference between missing out or taking the photo.

On the practical side, there are times when getting the shot is the most important thing. Auto mode can make the difference between missing out because you're fiddling with settings or taking the photo. Using Auto (especially as you learn) for everyday snapshots, travel and fast-moving moments can help ensure that you have a photo of the moment. If the prospect of using your camera in Manual mode is intimidating, spend time regularly using Auto mode first, and work your way up to manual controls over time.

Yes, manual mode is important Photo: Abby Ferguson

While Auto mode is useful, photographers actively seeking to grow will eventually encounter limitations and frustrations with it. That's because Auto doesn't know what you want in terms of depth of field (how much of a scene is in focus) or what you're trying to achieve with motion. It may also struggle in tricky lighting conditions, such as backlighting and night scenes, leaving you with disappointing photos.

At a certain point, as the photographer, you'll want to take creative control.

At a certain point, as the photographer, you'll want to take creative control, and learning the impact of the different camera settings unlocks just that. There are other modes in between full Auto and Manual that can also help you learn while taking some of the pressure off: Aperture Priority and Shutter Priority are all beneficial tools for photographers of all levels.

Choosing an aperture and shutter speed based on the visual impact of each will help you create an image that more closely aligns with your vision and adds to the photograph's impact. Ultimately, Manual mode gives you the most control and can help you prioritize proper exposure where you want it in challenging light, such as keeping your subject bright enough even if the light is behind them.

Learning how (and why) to control aperture, shutter speed and ISO can be tricky, but it just takes time. Each has an impact on your image, so it takes balancing all three to achieve what you want.

Use your resources

At the end of the day, Auto mode is a tool, just like any of the other modes. It isn't "cheating" or a badge of ineptitude if you use Auto. It can be a useful resource for beginner photographers, helping to keep the pressure off as you learn other aspects of photography. Plus, photography doesn't always need to be so serious; sometimes it's okay to turn your camera to Auto and just have fun.

Lemons and kirigami inspired this stretchy, biodegradable battery

Gizmag news -

You probably know that simply tossing dead batteries in the trash is no bueno – they release toxic heavy metals as they break down over time in landfills, contaminating the soil and nearby water supplies. Thankfully, we now have e-waste recycling facilities around the world that can prevent these from polluting the environment – but surely we can also make safer batteries that decompose naturally, no?

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Category: Energy, Technology

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Tiny titanium phone stand puts 12 EDC tools on your keyring

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One of my favorite IKEA products is a plastic foldable phone stand that weighs next to nothing and lives on your keychain. It's a practical little thing for passing the time if you're out and about a lot – but hardware brand MeToolDesign has taken that concept and leveled it up to create a much more useful piece of EDC gear.

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Category: Knives and Multitools, Gear, Outdoors

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Nikon 24-70mm F2.8 S II samples and impressions: Z-mount's new standard (zoom)

Digital Photography Review news -

When you use DPReview links to buy products, the site may earn a commission. Product photos: Mitchell Clark

We've had the chance to spend some time with Nikon's updated 24-70mm F2.8 S II, which was announced earlier this year. It's an update to an already-solid offering, but one that's substantially lighter than its predecessor, while still promising solid build and image quality.

Since the lens is designed to be a workhorse for a wide variety of users, we also wanted to share some of our impressions on what it was like to use, compared to both its predecessor and the options available on other mounts.

In use Photos don't always tell the whole story. While the Nikon 24-70mm F2.8 S II isn't noticeably more compact than Canon's stabilized, extending zoom offering, it is substantially lighter.

This lens's big trick is that it's the first of its kind to zoom internally. While that's likely to be more important for videographers using it on a gimbal who want to avoid their setup's center of gravity shifting, it's also a definite nice-to-have for photography, too. The lens not shifting as you zoom makes it that bit easier to control and faster to get the composition you're trying to achieve.

Having also spent a lot of time with Canon's 900g (31.7oz) 24-70mm F2.8 IS USM L recently, I was also very pleased with the Nikon's light weight: 675g (23.8). I found myself throwing it in a bag or taking it out on hikes that I'd normally be hesitant to bring a full 24-70mm F2.8 on, and I could comfortably carry it around without absolutely needing a neck strap. Nikon isn't the first to release this kind of lens at this size and weight, but it's nice that Z-mount users now have it as an offering, since the Sigma version isn't available.

The ability to click and declick the lens at will is a big upgrade.

While I typically prefer dedicated aperture rings, most shooters will likely be happy with the programmable control ring on this lens. It's right where you'd expect an aperture ring to be, so you can set it as that and use it like you typically would (albeit without hard stops at each end) if you want, but you can also use it to control things like ISO, exposure compensation, autofocus selection point and more. We also deeply appreciate the ability to click or declick it; while the clickless control or aperture rings Nikon and others include are good for video, they can be frustrating to use for stills. With this lens, neither side has to give anything up.

Speaking of video (just for a moment, promise), focus breathing is well-controlled throughout the lens's zoom range. Its included lens hood also has a door that you can use to adjust filters without taking it off, though my variable ND filter and its magnetic adapter ring wouldn't fit on the lens with the hood mounted. Photographers using more sensible filters will likely be pleased that it has a 77mm thread, rather than an 82mm one, though, assuming they haven't already heavily invested in larger filters.

This lens' autofocus is quick and decisive, even when shooting moving subjects wide open.

Nikon Z8 | Nikkor Z 24-70mm F2.8 S II | 70mm | F2.8 | 1/80 sec | ISO 64

Finally, there's autofocus. Nikon claims the motors are five times faster than the ones on the previous model, and that they should be much better at retaining focus while zooming. In my experience, they are extremely quick, even when shifting from close focus to infinity, and I never found a situation where I felt like the lens, rather than my skills, was the bottleneck (though I didn't get to test it out in any of the pro-level situations that it's designed for, such as shooting a wedding).

Optics

This isn't a full-fledged review, but it's at least worth touching on a few things that I noticed while shooting the 24-70mm F2.8 S II. The biggest was the relatively intense vignetting that shows up throughout its focal length when shooting wide-open, which makes the image look a fair bit darker than at other aperture settings. However, it clears up relatively quickly, being relegated to the corners at F4, and almost completely gone by F5.6. This doesn't seem to be a compromise to achieve the internal zoom, though, as I noticed similar levels of vignetting at F2.8 using its predecessor as well.

70mm F2.8 F4 F5.6 F8

As for sharpness, the 24-70 F2.8 S II is, unsurprisingly, quite good; it captures fine details from edge-to-edge, even wide open. Longitudinal chromatic aberration appears to be well-controlled, too, only showing up in the most challenging of situations.

24mm F2.8 F5.6 F8.0 70mm F2.8 F5.6 F8.0

I found the bokeh to be relatively pleasing in most scenarios, without too much distracting businesses. However, I wouldn't say that rendering specular highlights is this lens's specialty. While the bokeh is relatively clean, at the long end, you see some pretty intense cat's eye effect wide open, where lights are rendered as more of an eclipse than a circle. It's present throughout the range, though less noticeable at the wide end. At all ranges and apertures, you'll likely see some bokeh that isn't perfectly circular, but by the time you're at F5.6, it starts to take a decidedly octagonal shape across the frame.

Versus the original The II is larger than its predecessor's retracted state, but is smaller than it extended to 70mm. It also has much larger focus and zoom rings.

Design-wise, I consider this lens an improvement in almost every way; it's only fractionally longer than its predecessor's fully retracted state, but it stays that size even if you want to walk around with it zoomed to 70mm. It's also hard to complain about the small status display being replaced by a portrait-orientation function button, as I never found it to be particularly useful, since I'd often have to move my head to look down at the top of the lens.

I also found the command dial much more useful, now that there's a clicked mode; I always ignored the clickless-only version on the original 24-70mm F2.8 S, but found myself frequently using the clicky one on the II. The lighter weight is also immediately noticeable when comparing the two side-by-side, and makes it nicer to carry around.

I also appreciate the focus limit switch added on the II. While I didn't find myself reaching for it as often as I would with a more telephoto lens, there were a few times when it was handy to have.

The II's closer minimum focusing distance is also noticeable in real-world use, though optically it doesn't appear to be at its best at those distances.

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Your poop could save lives – and 'stool banks' will even pay you for it

Gizmag news -

You may be sitting on – so to speak – a very valuable asset that scientists would love to get their hands on: your poop. As well as blood, plasma and organs, you can now donate fecal samples to stool banks for research and use in transplants.

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Category: Biology, Science

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The 'blue dogs' of Chornobyl reveal a stranger, richer world than imagined

Gizmag news -

On the northern edge of Ukraine, inside the 30-km (19-mile) exclusion zone surrounding the abandoned Chornobyl (commonly known as Chernobyl) nuclear plant, thousands of animals now roam freely through forests, abandoned towns and decaying industrial estates. Among them are the stray dogs – around 900 descendants of the pets left behind, now living in a landscape shaped by the world’s worst nuclear disaster.

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Category: Biology, Science

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Floating pavilion that rises with the river tides opens in Brazil

Gizmag news -

It’s been a productive year for Carlo Ratti Associati, an Italian architectural firm known for blending man-made construction with natural environments. The company recently unveiled a sophisticated mountain shelter that will soon find its permanent location in the Italian Alps. Now, CRA has collaborated with American creative studio Höweler + Yoon and Italian steel construction company Cimolai on a new experiment. The result of their five-month effort is a 400-square-meter (4,306-sq-ft) floating plaza – AquaPraça.

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Category: Architecture, Technology

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